1) The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 divided Africa among European powers and set the stage for the colonization of the continent.

2) The Andes, stretching along the western coast of South America, is the longest mountain range in the world, spanning over 4,300 miles (7,000 kilometers).

3) The first commercial GPS (Global Positioning System) was launched in 1989 and provided accurate positioning and navigation capabilities to users worldwide.

4) The game of basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 and has since grown into a global sport played at both amateur and professional levels.